Low estrogen levels in postmenopausal hypertension are linked to metabolic reprogramming and aortic tissue changes, with L-alpha-aminobutyric acid emerging as a potential protective biomarker.

Indoxyl sulfate, a key uremic toxin in chronic kidney disease (CKD), induces trained immunity in monocytes via crosstalk between aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent epigenetic reprogramming by enhancement of the arachidonic acid pathway and AhR-independent metabolic rewiring.

A microbiome metabolite alleviates liver steatosis and inflammation, and shows its potential as a therapeutic modality for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Some Burkholderia thailandensis strains have evolved a bet-hedging strategy by acquiring insertion sequences positioned such that RecA-dependent homologous recombination between them results in duplication of intervening sequences, which promotes biofilm formation.