Stromules induced during plant innate immunity dynamically interact and use the cytoskeleton to form and to direct the movement of chloroplasts.

The structure of the trypanosome haptoglobin-haemoglobin receptor bound to its ligand reveals the molecular basis for ligand recognition in innate immunity and identifies molecular determinants that aid efficient uptake.

The transcriptional regulator BZR1 acts as a molecular integrator of environmental cues regulating the trade-off between growth and innate immunity.

Experiments in mice have shown than an enzyme that repairs broken DNA inside the nucleus also has a central role in the innate immune system because it is able to detect foreign DNA outside the nucleus.

Novel post-translational modification of pattern recognition receptor TLR2 has consequences in bacterial infection and inflammatory signaling.

Mitochondrial anti-viral signaling proteins form three-stranded helical filaments in launching innate immune responses against RNA viruses.

Histones bound to lipid droplets inside cells offer protection against bacteria in flies, and possibly mice, thus suggesting a possible new innate immunity pathway.

Alteration of host gut microbiota by antibiotic exposure in early life remodeled host intestinal immune development and metabolism and enhanced the induction of type 1 diabetes in genetically predisposed animals.