Stromules induced during plant innate immunity dynamically interact and use the cytoskeleton to form and to direct the movement of chloroplasts.

The structure of the trypanosome haptoglobin-haemoglobin receptor bound to its ligand reveals the molecular basis for ligand recognition in innate immunity and identifies molecular determinants that aid efficient uptake.

The transcriptional regulator BZR1 acts as a molecular integrator of environmental cues regulating the trade-off between growth and innate immunity.

Experiments in mice have shown than an enzyme that repairs broken DNA inside the nucleus also has a central role in the innate immune system because it is able to detect foreign DNA outside the nucleus.

Novel post-translational modification of pattern recognition receptor TLR2 has consequences in bacterial infection and inflammatory signaling.

Mitochondrial anti-viral signaling proteins form three-stranded helical filaments in launching innate immune responses against RNA viruses.

Histones bound to lipid droplets inside cells offer protection against bacteria in flies, and possibly mice, thus suggesting a possible new innate immunity pathway.

Immune expulsion of helminth parasites is driven by two key pathways mediated by soluble cytokines ligating to the IL-4 and IL-25 receptors acting on innate effector cells throughout the course of infection.

Alteration of host gut microbiota by antibiotic exposure in early life remodeled host intestinal immune development and metabolism and enhanced the induction of type 1 diabetes in genetically predisposed animals.