Locally recorded calcium events related to slow wave activity show a global cortical fMRI BOLD correlate, establishing a direct relation between a basic neurophysiological signal and the macroscopic perspective of pre-clinical fMRI.

Administration of dopamine and opioid receptor antagonists resulted in reduced reward anticipation (effort and increased negative facial reactions), but only administration of opioid antagonists resulted in reduced liking (facial reactions).

The primary rhythm generators controlling respiration are integrated in a much larger network of brain regions, including areas not typically considered to be respiratory control centers, and that allow respiration to be adapted to all forms of ongoing behavior.

Imaging of neurons within the hippocampus, a memory region of the brain, reveals how the brain updates memories during different learning conditions compared to when learning is blocked by amnestic drugs.

Of the 50 primary olfactory channels in vinegar flies, only 10 drive avoidance or approach behavior when activated by themselves, indicating that most olfactory responses are multi-channel responses that follow complex combination rules.

The dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala exhibit social behavior-relevant neuronal oscillations, representing unified pathophysiological mechanisms underlying social behavioral deficits.

A new measure for cross-frequency coupling assesses phase-amplitude coupling and amplitude-amplitude coupling, and accounts for confounding factors such as low-frequency amplitude fluctuations, using a flexible statistical modeling approach.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate impulse control by the subthalamic nucleus, dissociating trait impulsivity from basal ganglia motor function.

The probability of occupancy of individual synaptic release sites at rest sets an upper limit to synaptic output when increasing action potential related calcium entry.