Bacterial gut pathogens that invade into host tissues during infection can boost the spread and accumulation of plasmids over time by forming reservoirs containing these plasmids within host tissues.

The NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome in intestinal epithelial cells protects mice from oral route Shigella infection.

12 new class IIb microcins have been structurally identified, phylogenetically assessed, and functionally tested for their antimicrobial activity, increasing the total number of these bacteriocins to 17.

The upper airway commensal, Neisseria cinerea, competes with related species using a T6SS, with antagonism modulated by the spatial dynamics of attacker and prey strains growing in a mixed community.

A widespread family of chaperones functions to stabilize membrane protein effectors by mimicking transmembrane helical environments and promotes effector export by the bacterial type VI secretion system.

A horizontally shared type VI secretion system affects the interaction between vibrios and eukaryotic hosts.