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    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    An internal thioester in a pathogen surface protein mediates covalent host binding

    Miriam Walden, John M Edwards ... Ulrich Schwarz-Linek
    Bacterial-encoded covalent adhesion is a new molecular principle in host-microbe interactions and may play a key role in host colonization by a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Integration of IL-2 and IL-4 signals coordinates divergent regulatory T cell responses and drives therapeutic efficacy

    Julie Y Zhou, Carlos A Alvarez, Brian A Cobb
    Simultaneous cytokine signaling results in unexpected transcription factor changes that fuel a cellular response divergent from the sum of each cytokine alone.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Stimulation of hair follicle stem cell proliferation through an IL-1 dependent activation of γδT-cells

    Pedro Lee, Rupali Gund ... Colin Jamora
    Wounded epidermal keratinocytes emit a signal that activates a specialized T-cell in the skin, leading to an increase in hair follicle stem cell numbers that contributes to tissue repair.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Natural Tr1-like cells do not confer long-term tolerogenic memory

    Koshika Yadava, Carlos Obed Medina ... Paul L Bollyky
    Natural Tr1-like cells do not form a functionally stable memory response to allergens, and this instability may limit efforts to re-establish tolerance by expanding Tr1.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    A phase transition enhances the catalytic activity of SARM1, an NAD+ glycohydrolase involved in neurodegeneration

    Heather S Loring, Victoria L Czech ... Paul R Thompson
    The catalytic activity of SARM1, a key promoter of neuronal degeneration, is activated by >2000-fold by a phase transition.
    1. Developmental Biology

    Visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid

    Jody A Summers, Elizabeth Martinez
    IL-6 gene and protein expression are rapidly and transiently upregulated in the choroid in response to myopic defocus, as a result of prior form deprivation or treatment with +15 D lenses in a nitric oxide-dependent manner.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Tailoring Tfh profiles enhances antibody persistence to a clade C HIV-1 vaccine in rhesus macaques

    Anil Verma, Chase E Hawes ... Smita S Iyer
    Strategies to enhance Tfh cells for HIV-vaccine antibody persistence and protection is pivotal for vaccine success.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Medicine

    The vaginal immunoproteome for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth: A retrospective longitudinal study

    Zachary Shaffer, Roberto Romero ... Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
    The vaginal immunoproteome in pregnancy is more predictive of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) than maternal characteristics alone, with sPTB cases showing heightened pro-inflammatory profiles accompanied by reduced levels of antimicrobial proteins/peptides.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    The pro-regenerative effects of hyperIL6 in drug-induced liver injury are unexpectedly due to competitive inhibition of IL11 signaling

    Jinrui Dong, Sivakumar Viswanathan ... Stuart A Cook
    IL6ST (gp130) binding proteins, such as HyperIL6, promote liver regrowth in a STAT3-indpependent manner through competitive inhibition of anti-regenerative IL11 signaling.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Age acquired skewed X chromosome inactivation is associated with adverse health outcomes in humans

    Amy L Roberts, Alessandro Morea ... Kerrin S Small
    Prospective, cross-sectional, and intra-twin study designs identify skewed X chromosome inactivation is associated with cardiovascular disease risk and future cancer diagnosis in the TwinsUK population cohort.