In vitro reconstitution shows how HIV-1 Gag assemblies on membranes can package the RNA genome in the presence of a vast excess of competing cellular RNAs, and that selectivity and immature lattice assembly are deeply intertwined with one another.

While HIV-1 Gag protein binds tightly to several RNAs, it binds to the viral RNA 'packaging signal' with higher specificity than to control RNAs.

The packaging signal in HIV-1 genomic RNA supports in vitro particle assembly more efficiently than control RNAs, probably explaining its selective packaging during virus assembly in vivo.

A cell-free reaction that reconstitutes the selective sorting of a miRNA into exosomes reveals an RNA-binding protein, YBX1, as a critical sorting factor.

Computer simulations reveal that viral nucleic acids have an ideal structure for being packaged into outer protein shells called capsids.

In rotaviruses, the selective packaging of eleven distinct genomic RNA segments requires virus-encoded protein NSP2 to alter the RNA structures, facilitating their interactions with each other.

Genetic analyses in mice identifies Rlim in the spermatogenic cell lineage as a regulator of cytoplasmic reduction during spermiogenesis.

A screen using artificially barcoded, exosomal microRNAs, paired with CRISPR guide RNAs, helped identify new players in multivesicular endosome exocytosis and a role for Wnt signaling.

Dosage-compensated gene expression facilitates chromosomal aneuploidy, which presents a rapid route to phenotypic evolution in natural yeast isolates.

A mathematical model that combines stochasticity and spatial structure describes the dynamics of the viral population during an infection cycle, and fitting the model to RNA and virus abundances over time shows that poliovirus follows a geometric replication mode.