The control of local cell properties such as epithelial cell number and mechanical force production by Hippo signaling is a major determinant of lung branching.

Animal RanBP1 nuclear export and cargo dissociation mechanisms are surprisingly different from yeast, due to mutations of critical residues, leading to greater nuclear transport efficiency and higher energy cost.

The inward-open and outward-open structures of MjNhaP1 explain the mechanism of electroneutral sodium-proton antiport across the cell membrane.

Deep penetration and transmission of mechanical force to regulate ER functions depends on not only the passive cytoskeletal support, but also the active actomyosin contractility, which is dispensable for mechanotransduction at the plasma membrane.

Three residues work together as a valve-like mechanism to control desensitization from pre-open and open states in the ion channels ASIC1a, ASIC2a, and ASIC3.

Growing upwards in the young seedling is controlled by two cooperative mechanical mechanisms: cellulose orientation in inner tissues and differential elasticity in epidermal cells.

Mechanical stress promotes the expression of the homeobox gene and meristem master regulator STM, synergistically and independently from auxin depletion.

The B cell receptors of naïve B cells need higher levels of mechanical force to be fully activated than those of memory B cells.

Aurora A kinase, an anti-cancer drug target, can be activated by two independent mechanisms.

Perturbation of mechanical force at muscle attachments and its effects on tendon morphogenesis provides insights into the mechanisms underlying cellular responses to tensional force and resulting extracellular matrix production.