Retrieval practice strongly engages the medial prefrontal cortex to integrate and differentiate memory representations, resulting in more effective memory updating.

Upon retrieval, the angular gyrus recombines distinct, consolidated schema components into one memory representation.

Inhibitory noninvasive stimulation to the precuneus disrupts theta and gamma oscillatory coupling between medial temporal lobes and neocortical regions during complex personal memory retrieval.

Multi-fiber photometry recording and circuit-based manipulation in vivo identify a long-range SuM-DG circuit linking two highly correlated subcortical regions to regulate spatial memory retrieval through SuM glutamate transmission.

The retrieval of recent memories and very remote memories may rely on distinct regions of the hippocampus.

Retrieval enhances fear memory through reconsolidation by activating calcineurin-induced protein degradation and CREB-mediated gene expression in amygdala, hippocampus, and mPFC.

Forgetting of remote fear memory is promoted by increased hippocampal neurogenesis only after hippocampal reactivation by long time memory retrieval.

The anterior and posterior parts of the hippocampus have distinct roles in the retrieval of contextual information in memories of recent experiences.

Eye movements time-locked to retrieval and novelty during learning preferentially occur at distinct phases of hippocampal theta.

Neural representations are fast-evolving trajectories, and distinct components of these trajectories reappear during retrieval with distinct consequences for learning.