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  1. Meta-Research: Investigating disagreement in the scientific literature

    Wout S Lamers, Kevin Boyack ... Dakota Murray
    An approach based on cue phrases can be used to identify instances of disagreement in scientific articles and compare the level of disagreement in various disciplines.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
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    Meta-Research: Releasing a preprint is associated with more attention and citations for the peer-reviewed article

    Darwin Y Fu, Jacob J Hughey
    An analysis of more than 70,000 journal articles, including 5405 that were first released as a preprint on bioRxiv, shows that articles with a preprint received 49% more attention and 36% more citations than articles without one.
    1. Medicine

    Research: Adequate statistical power in clinical trials is associated with the combination of a male first author and a female last author

    Willem M Otte, Joeri K Tijdink ... Christiaan H Vinkers
    An analysis of 31,873 clinical trials shows that adequate statistical power was most often present in trials with a male first author and a female last author.
    1. Neuroscience

    Meta-Research: Lessons from a catalogue of 6674 brain recordings

    Alexis DJ Makin, John Tyson-Carr ... Marco Bertamini
    A complete public catalogue of brain recording data from a single laboratory has revealed new scientific findings, and has also shed light on aspects of the scientific process, such as statistical power and publication bias.
    1. Cancer Biology

    Science Forum: Is preclinical research in cancer biology reproducible enough?

    Patrick Bodilly Kane, Jonathan Kimmelman
    Results from the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology provide a picture of the rate of false positives in cancer preclinical research, but it is still not clear if research in this field is less reproducible than it should be.
    1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Sexual dimorphism in trait variability and its eco-evolutionary and statistical implications

    Susanne RK Zajitschek, Felix Zajitschek ... Shinichi Nakagawa
    Sex differences in trait variability imply that both sexes should be included in biomedical trials, using sex-specific statistical power calculations.
    1. Genetics and Genomics

    Evaluating the effect of metabolic traits on oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk using Mendelian randomization

    Mark Gormley, Tom Dudding ... Caroline Bull
    Mendelian randomization suggests the possibility that the observational effects of obesity and related metabolic traits in head and neck cancer risk are overestimated.
    1. Neuroscience

    The Neurodata Without Borders ecosystem for neurophysiological data science

    Oliver Rübel, Andrew Tritt ... Kristofer E Bouchard
    The NWB data language enables reproduction, interchange, and reuse of diverse neurophysiology data, and the design principles of NWB are generally applicable to enhance discovery across biology through data FAIRness.
    1. Neuroscience

    Convergent and divergent brain structural and functional abnormalities associated with developmental dyslexia

    Xiaohui Yan, Ke Jiang ... Fan Cao
    Convergent structural and functional brain deficits associated with dyslexia were found in left superior temporal gyrus across languages, however, language-specific deficits were also identified.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Region of Attainable Redaction, an extension of Ellipse of Insignificance analysis for gauging impacts of data redaction in dichotomous outcome trials

    David Robert Grimes
    Region of Attainable Redaction analysis allows scientists to estimate the potential impacts of redaction in biomedical science, helping to uncover potentially spurious or non-robust results.