CLR01 is a small molecule that could be an effective topical microbicide to eliminate HIV (and other enveloped viruses), and to antagonize host-encoded amyloid fibrils that promote HIV infection.

Mucosal application of the anti-retroviral drug tenofovir, which is intended to prevent HIV transmission, has many off-target effects on the mucosa itself.

The diffusional barrier formed between phagocyte integrin and fungal glucans preserves the microbiostatic phagocytic environment generated during the frustrated phagocytosis of Candida albicans hypha.

Applying bioorthogonal chemistry to the zebrafish/Mycobacterium marinum model of tuberculosis reveals that the virulence lipid PDIM must spread into epithelial cells in order for mycobacteria to establish infection.

While antimicrobial cocktails are highly effective for defence against pathogenic microbes, the innate immune response may instead employ highly specific peptidic antibiotics to combat certain natural enemies.

Histones bound to lipid droplets inside cells offer protection against bacteria in flies, and possibly mice, thus suggesting a possible new innate immunity pathway.

An in vivo drug screen of FDA-approved compounds in zebrafish identified host-directed therapies against mycobacterial infection, including the drug clemastine, which targets the P2RX7-inflammasome axis to enhance bacterial control.

Perforin-2 deficiency is lethal upon infection with pathogenic bacteria despite the presence of other bactericidal effectors.