Automated liquid handling, whole mount staining, and clearing allow unbiased 3D quantitation of cell markers in human neural organoids with diameters of up to 1 mm at the single-cell level.
Direct measurements of retinoic acid using fluorescence lifetime imaging reveal a new role for cellular retinoic acid binding proteins in noise attenuation that is critical to sharpen hindbrain rhombomere boundaries.
Activity in the midbrain responds to unexpected changes in outcome identity (i.e. sensory prediction error) but does not scale with perceptual distance between expected and receipt reward.
Data collected from two important auditory brain areas distinguish effects of generalized arousal and specific task engagement on neural sensory coding.
Neurons in the midbrain superior colliculus of free-flying echolocating bats represent 3D sensory space, and the depth tuning of single neurons is modulated by an animal's active sonar inspection of physical objects in its environment.
Midbrain dopamine neurons in rats signal discrepancies between predicted and actual rewards, regardless of whether the rewards are predicted on the basis of experience or inference.
Midbrain dopamine neurons use sophisticated secretory machinery to establish specialized sites for action potential-evoked release of dopamine from their cell bodies and dendrites.
Sequencing mRNA from thousands of single cells from the Drosophila brain highlights the extent of cellular diversity and reveals co-expression of specific neuropeptides with particular fast-acting neurotransmitters and monoamines.
