The liver microRNA transcriptome of humans with type 2 diabetes and obesity is analyzed for the first time and compared with diet-induced obesity in mice.

Loss miRNA maturation in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons causes metabolic dysregulation and favors the differentiation of Pomc progenitors into neuropeptide Y neurons, a developmental process that appears to specifically involve miR-103/107.

Genetic and biochemical analyses reveal that two stem-cell-specific microRNAs control stem cell fate decisions between pluripotency and differentiation through repressing Ago2, a key component of the microRNA machinery.

A new molecular mechanism involving microRNA, which controls synaptic transmission in a specialized type of inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus and short-term memory in mice, was identified.

A fear conditioning-induced miRNA acts in a negative feedback loop that targets vesicle exocytosis and neurotransmitter receptor trafficking, and inhibits memory formation.

The expression of the major circadian component CLOCK is a key regulator of stemness in breast cancer cells, which can be a novel strategy for breast cancer treatment.

A novel in vivo role for miRNAs Mir221/222 in arthritogenic synovial fibroblasts and progression of arthritis is presented.

The first comprehensive study on the regulation mechanism of miR-252 and temperature receptor CcTRPM on insect seasonal polyphenism will also conducive to designing a new method for pest control.

Alterations of DNA methylation were associated with articular cartilage degeneration in hemophilic arthropathy, and aberrant methylation and expression of TNXB promote blood-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by regulating AKT activation.

Coordinate control of lysosomal v-ATPase subunits and biogenesis factor TFEB by miR-1 identifies a key regulatory axis with strong links to age-related proteotoxic disease.