Dopaminergic medication dissociates contingent motivation from reward expectation effects on invigoration of movements in PD patients, confirming they are separate processes with different dopaminergic functions.

Transcriptional activation domains achieve rapid, dynamic, specific interaction with Mediator through binding of an unstructured peptide to multiple hydrophobic surfaces without particular amino acid side chain interactions.

Muscarinic antagonism is causally involved in motivation and incentivisation in healthy human participants, partially mediated via preparatory neural signatures, with implications for cholinergic treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Motivated animals learn to put in more effort and ignore distractions to reach their goals due to increased neural activity in the frontal cortex.

Phasic activation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons transiently inhibits locomotion without influencing anxiety or producing reinforcement, but when repeated over many days a long-term facilitation of locomotion is produced.

Prairie and meadow voles show striking sex and species differences in social motivation to access conspecifics of different types (familiar versus unfamiliar and same-sex versus opposite-sex).

A novel genome-wide transcriptional activation screening in Drosophila cells revealed the activation of InR-Akt-mTOR pathway by cholesterol in plasma membrane to confer resistance to Rapamycin.

MLL4 (KMT2D) is a major mammalian H3K4 mono- and di-methyltransferase that is essential for enhancer activation, cell-type-specific gene expression, and cell differentiation.

Interleukin 4 signaling co-opts the Akt-mTORC1-Acly pathway to couple metabolic input to the control of energetically demanding processes during macrophage M2 activation.

Analysis of mouse zygotic genome activation (ZGA) reveals that a mis-annotated multicopy homeobox gene Obox4 functions redundantly with Dux to promote ZGA.