Novel imaging experiments suggest that fruit flies modify their neural circuitry for walking at slow, medium and fast speeds, and that proprioception is not essential for coordinated walking.

The Notch signaling pathway has a central role in the formation of the circuit that controls egg-laying in the nematode worm C. elegans.

C. elegans exhibits two distinct behavioural macro-states, active and quiet wakefulness, and protein kinase A regulates switching between these two states.

Proteins implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, including amyloid precursor protein and ApoE receptors, interact with each other and with a signalling molecule called agrin to influence the development of the neuromuscular junction.

The delayed-onset of asynchronous transmitter release seen in neurons that fire repeatedly is triggered by a different source of calcium from that which triggers synchronous transmitter release.

During learning, one climbing fiber input instructs plasticity that is expressed in the simple-spike responses of cerebellar Purkinje cells, and causes neural learning that may inhibit future climbing fiber instructions.

The protein PTRN-1 anchors microtubules in neuronal branches to promote proper neuron morphology and function in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Combinations of transcription factors can convert pancreatic acinar cells into endocrine α-, β- and δ-cells in vivo.