Transsynaptic mapping of the postsynaptic connections of mushroom body output neurons reveal both divergent and convergent projections allowing for multimodal integration prior to initiation of an output response.

Dramatic phenotypic divergence of crustacean mushroom bodies map to phylogenetic lineages, thereby offering unexplored opportunities for relating divergent cognitive centers to different ecologies and behavioral repertoires required to negotiate them.

Single-cell transcriptomes of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons correspond to previously defined cell types, exhibit unique characteristics at different developmental stages, and reveal cell-type-specific gene expression programs in development and function.

Regulated neuronal magnesium efflux is a critical element of normal and magnesium-enhanced memory.

Excitatory synapses that occur further away from the postsynaptic cell soma exhibit greater neurotransmitter release probability, which appears to improve signal transfer fidelity for high-frequency afferent firing.

The same host–virus interactions can evolve multiple times in nature, due to the high effective mutation rate of viruses, and provide interesting systems of study.

Motivation for flight and feeding behaviour requires dopamine release which depends on cholinergic stimulation and intracellular Ca²⁺ release from ER stores in one or two pairs of central dopaminergic neurons.

Analysis of genetic information from soil samples provides insights into bacteria that help to protect crops from fungal diseases by producing chemicals called phenazines.