An ancestral apical brain center contributed to the evolution of the insect central complex requiring foxQ2, which is essential for the development of midline structures of the insect brain.
About twenty temporal patterning genes are identified that drive an irreversible differentiation trajectory governing the heterogeneity and proliferative properties of cells in neural tumors with an early developmental origin.
Cartilage and bone tumors arise from chondrocyte or osteoblast progenitors but not differentiated cells or multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via the IHH-Wnt/β-Catenin pathway.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in neural stem cells and brain tumour cells decreases proliferation and affects the generation of neuronal diversity and tumour heterogeneity.
In vivo stem cell reprogramming in the well-studied stem cell NB7-1 using the classic temporal transcription factor Hunchback increases motor neuron number and re-specifies dendritic morphology and neuromuscular synaptic partnerships.
A neuroanatomical analysis of Rimicaris exoculata provides insights into these animal’s brain architecture to illustrate possible adaptations to the hydrothermal vent habitat with its extreme physicochemical conditions.
