The Helicobacter pylori Cag T4SS has unique structural features, including unexpected symmetry mismatch between sub-complexes, with implications for protein secretion.

In vivo deconstruction of reward-related behaviors with circuit and pharmacological specificity using designer, light-controllable nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Simulations and experiments on systems containing two different populations of microorganisms show that interactions that benefit at least one of the populations can lead to communities with stable compositions, and that strong cooperation between two populations can lead to communities in which both populations are mixed together.

The structure of a Type IV secretion system provides a framework for understanding assembly of a protein-injection machine.

Regulatory sequences downstream of a key limb identity gene are required for normal sizes of leg bones, and are changed in wild species with dramatic alterations in pelvic structures.

Triacylglycerides found in the males of 11 species of Drosophila form a largely overlooked, novel, sex-specific class of pheromones that act to suppress courtship behaviour.

Excitatory synapses that occur further away from the postsynaptic cell soma exhibit greater neurotransmitter release probability, which appears to improve signal transfer fidelity for high-frequency afferent firing.

Dopaminergic cells uniquely receive input from a roughly equal mixture of synapses on dendritic spines and synapses formed directly on dendrites.

Genetic analyses using the fruit fly illustrate how neuronal system couples germline stem cell increase to an external cue, which is mating, through stem cell niche signaling.