Myostatin signaling governs neonatal longitudinal muscle growth and neuromuscular contractures in a sex-dependent manner, identifying a potential avenue for contracture treatment and underscoring the need to consider sex as a biological variable in the pathophysiology of acquired neuromuscular disorders.

Gut microbiota reshaped by myostatin gene variation has a positive effect on skeletal muscle growth by activating GPR43 through valeric acid, as a metabolite of gut microbiota.

Cst7, a gene coding for protein cystatin F, is expressed by microglia in neurodegenerative disease models and mediates sex-dependent effects on microglial endolysosomal function and disease pathology.

A Drosophila myostatin-like factor provides an extrinsic signal produced by muscles that regulates Drosophila appendage development.

Muscle hypertrophy and regeneration are critically regulated by combination of TGF-β type I receptors in myofibres.

Genetic architecture of muscle secreted protein functions are dominated by sex.

Newly prepared double gene-edited sheep provide excellent models for skeletal muscle growth and development, and muscle diseases such as muscle atrophy and sarcopenia.

Wound-specific notochord sheath cell subpopulations associate with notochord repair and adult vertebrae formation.

The concepts that oxidative muscle fibres cannot be large and that satellite cell number is the major determinant for effective regeneration are fundamentally challenged.

The inhibition of colorectal cancer (CRC) proliferation, migration, and invasion is attributed to BEST4, which exhibits epistasis over Hes4 in the downregulation of Twist1 and consequent suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in CRC.