Expression of human-specific gene ARHGAP11B in the developing ferret neocortex leads to an increase in abundance of neural progenitor cells, which results in neocortex expansion.

Transcriptomic and genomic analysis provides a resource of 50 primate-specific genes preferentially expressed in neural progenitors of fetal human neocortex, 15 of which are specific to humans.

Neocortical synapses in layer 4 of the human temporal lobe neocortex were quantitatively characterized, at the subcellular level, using high-end, high-resolution electron microscopy and 3D-volume reconstructions.

The wide range of cell types produced by single progenitors in the neocortex of mice may result from stochastic rather than deterministic processes.

Glutamate derived from thalamo-cortical axons regulates the radial dispersion of interneurons in the developing mouse neocortex by limiting the level of expression of the K/Cl co-transporter KCC2.

Single-cell mRNA sequencing data from mouse neocortex expose evidence for peptidergic neuromodulation networks that locally interconnect every cortical neuron.

Subtypes of dendrite-targeting somatostatin cells segregate into separate networks by specifically connecting with neurons in different layers, forming circuits that could independently control different input pathways to the neocortex.

During the second postnatal week, a temporary circuit made up of specific types of neurons plus the precursors of oligodendrocytes is established in the brain, and may promote the maturation of oligodendrocytes in preparation for myelination.

Snap-freezing of brain tissue reveals its true structure-showing that cells are less squashed together, and the connections between neurons are less enclosed than previously thought.

Aberrant ERK/MAPK signaling in cortical pyramidal neurons leads to selective disruption of layer 5 circuit development and generalized changes in neuronal excitability.