Whether central vestibular neurons implement faithful stimulus encoding for the vestibulo-occular reflex or optimized coding via temporal whitening for other vestibular functions is determined by neural variability.

By demonstrating song learning-related synaptic strengthening and pruning in the vocal control circuits of songbirds, and showing how such changes can reduce the sensitivity of the circuit to ‘noisy’ inputs, a simple neural circuit mechanism for regulating motor variability during motor skill learning is identified.

Animal-to-animal variability in neural circuit elements is often hidden under normal conditions, but becomes functionally relevant when the system is challenged by injury.

Experiments on neurons in the heart system of the leech reveal why rhythmic behaviors differ between individuals.

The proposed techniques enable researchers to disentangle the statistical features of neural population responses, and rigorously quantify how these features carry information about stimuli and experimental variables.

Naturalistic animal behavior exhibits a complex organization in the temporal domain, whose variability stems from hierarchical, contextual, and stochastic sources and can be naturally explained in terms of metastable attractor models.

TGFβ and serotonin signaling in a neural circuit encodes food availability; these signals regulate the dynamic range and variability on the circuit to impact coding accuracy and lifespan responses.

Within populations, there is standing variation in paralog expression levels, paralog expression levels are heritable, and variation in paralog expression can modify the phenotypes associated with mutation of one of the paralogs.

The Notch signaling pathway has a central role in the development of the nervous system, and also in the establishment of networks of connections in the adult brain