Through a combination of modeling and experiments it is shown that humans can near-optimally accumulate decision-related evidence across time and cues even when reaction time is under their control.

Social threats trigger enhanced neural representations within 200 milliseconds in sensory and motor systems of the human brain as a function of anxiety, highlighting its adaptive function in reacting rapidly to dangers in the environment.

Experiments in macaques and humans reveal time-varying changes in prefrontal cortex activity that occur during decisions based on costs and benefits.

Visual search templates are reactivated only temporarily to act as input filters for target detection.

Combining fMRI with continuous model-based measures of retrieval enables the behavioral and neural dissociation of multiple components of episodic memory.

Similar to spontaneous eye blinks perceptual stability, despite small saccades, is related to actively silencing transients in the high-level ends of both ventral and dorsal visual cortices, while activity in low-level visual cortex remains unstable.

Veterans with PTSD show increased attention to a history of unexpected outcomes during loss learning, both as measured by computational model-derived behavioral parameters and in increased neural signaling in amygdala and insula.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex integrates concurrent externally and internally generated predictions of task demand to guide information processing, while the medial prefrontal cortex corrects its prediction error based on actual task demand.

Neurocognitive processing during sleep selectively biases subjective preferences in simple economic choices when the sleeper is stimulated by covert, reward-associated cues.

Decision-makers are able to intentionally control neural excitability to strategically bias sensory evidence accumulation towards the decision bound that maximizes reward within a given ecological context.