Dynamic dopaminergic signaling modulates the timing of reward-related movements by tuning the moment-to-moment probability of their onset.

Combined experimental and theoretical analysis identifies a molecular mechanism akin to working memory that enables single cells to perform complex navigation tasks in changing growth factor fields, beyond simple stimulus-response associations.

An integrated landscape framework shows how the coordinated changes in vocal apparatus, muscles, nervous system, and social interaction together influence the trajectory of vocal development.

The extracellular concentration of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens core is progressively diminished by white noise, an underutilized, easy-to-titrate aversive stimulus, but is unaffected by white-noise intensity, context valence, and associated probabilistic contingencies.

New computational models provide insights into how the insect brain estimates the speed and direction of movement.

Feedback sensing of the intracellular calcium concentration suffices to reproduce the diversity of ionic conductances underlying normal cardiac electromechanical function in a genetically diverse population of mice.

An in vitro reconstitution approach reveals context-dependent roles of Lissencephaly-1 in the regulation of dynein-dynactin behaviour on dynamic microtubules.

In the dioecious plant genus Leucadendron, shifts to sex-biased gene expression occurred predominantly in genes with ancestrally high rates of expression evolution, and were not correlated with morphology.

Discovery of a novel long non-coding RNA overlapping the distal SOX17 enhancer (eSOX17) that plays an essential role in human endoderm development.

Long-term, dose-controlled vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is feasible in mice using a multi-lab validated implantation procedure, allowing therapeutic testing of VNS in many disease models.