The therapeutic effects of the sleeping pill zolpidem in patients with disorders of consciousness may be due to recruitment of brain cells idling in abnormally low-frequency brain waves.

Contrary to the common belief that cognitive event-related potentials are generated by local activity within the cerebral cortex, it is shown that some of these potentials are modulated by subcortical inputs.

The molecular mechanisms by which midbrain dopamine neurons acquire the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for synaptic release are revealed.

Differentiation-specific maintenance of genome integrity during S-phase is essential for establishing both the structure and function of the cerebral cortex.

A comprehensive synapse-level analysis of a fly central-brain region has led to the identification of molecules that are necessary for mediating the normal density of connections.

High-frequency stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which enhances memory and hippocampal neurogenesis, is a novel target for treatment of dementia-related diseases.

Five mouse models of autism show deficits in delay eyeblink conditioning, a form of split-second sensory learning that involves the cerebellum, a frequent site of disruption in autistic brains.