Striatal cholinergic interneurons and astrocytes lose cilia and show dysregulation of Hedgehog signaling in mice with a Parkinson's disease-associated, G2019S LRRK2 mutation or upon loss of PPM1H phosphatase specific for LRRK2-phosphorylated Rab GTPases.

A novel connection from ventral striatum to motor cortex enables emotion and motivation to influence action and motor control.

Neuronal activity in the striatum keeps track of elapsed time during the time production task while that in the cerebellum correlates with stochastic variation of self-timing in the range of several hundreds of milliseconds.