Hairless emerged as an evolutionarily novel regulatory protein that replaced an ancestral paradigm of direct co-repressor recruitment by Suppressor of Hairless, its partner transcription factor in the Notch signaling pathway.
Dopamine novelty signals are localized in the posterior tail of the striatum along with general salience signals, while dopamine in the ventral striatum reliably encodes reward prediction error.
The structure of a human antibody in which the variable loops position a human protein LAIR1 for antigen recognition, reveals a novel and indirect mode of antibody function.
Microfluidic-based mini-metagenomics enables the investigation of environmental microbial communities in high-throughput and with single-cell resolution, facilitating genome binning and quantification of function, abundance, and genome variation.
Forward genetic screens define a novel genetic landscape by which diverse, unrelated autism risk genes may converge to commonly affect the robustness of synaptic transmission.
A gain-of-function in a new chemical defense resulted in no trade-offs and and independent evolution between novel and ancestral defenses, suggesting low redundancy among different defensive chemicals.
A new morphological structure evolved through extreme changes in cell height requires novel connections to an extracellular matrix network, which predates the origin of structure.
