The structural and pharmacological difference of the invertebrate counterpart of β-adrenergic receptor confers selective toxicity of an insecticide on honeybees and their devastating parasite Varroa mites.

Without octopamine signaling via β octopamine receptors, which likely stimulates glycolysis, thermogenesis performed by the honeybee's indirect flight muscles is not possible.

Two functionally antagonizing groups of hormones directly regulate starvation-induced increase in locomotion via a common neural target in fruit flies.

A neuromodulatory circuit bidirectionally regulates the glial capacity to buffer ions and water in response to changes in neuronal excitation in order to balance glial versus neuronal protection.

Genetic analyses using the fruit fly illustrate how neuronal system couples germline stem cell increase to an external cue, which is mating, through stem cell niche signaling.

Intense starvation with high internal energy levels results in remarkably stable food-related memories that persist beyond actual food intake and are associated with overeating.

Genetic variation in a biogenic amines receptor underlies a means of gain control for nonassociative learning and hence an important form of attention that is the basis for tradeoffs in foraging in a social collective.

Experiments in genetically modified zebrafish that are unable to produce norepinephrine show that this neurotransmitter promotes wakefulness by mediating the effects of the neuropeptide hypocretin.

Neuropeptide tachykinin signaling acts as master regulator of behavioral specialization in honeybees by differentially modulating worker responsiveness to task-specific stimuli.

A recurrent reward circuit in Drosophila, comprised of specific dopamine neurons and a single class of mushroom body output neurons, transforms a nascent memory trace into a stable long-term memory.