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A transport protein enables leaf beetle larvae to take up and store plant toxins and use them as part of their own defense strategy.

Electrophysiological recordings and optogenetics reveal how the dorsal periaqueductal gray and basolateral amygdala interact in antipredatory responses, with a potential intermediary role for the midline thalamus.

A new cell–cell communication system in Streptococcus salivarius, a human gut commensal, discriminates between close signaling molecules to specifically produce bacteriocin-based antimicrobials and disconnects it from foreign DNA acquisition.

The subcortical amygdala pathway, which has been traditionally associated with learning threats, is also required for processing an innate threat.

The mouse cerebellum regulates innate defensive neural circuitry by tonically controlling dopamine release in the periaqueductal gray, thereby modulating synaptic responses of the Chx10-positive neurons that generate freezing behavior.

Activity in the hypothalamic dorsal premammillary nucleus predicts future escape from threat, represents escape velocity, and controls escape velocity via a projection to the brainstem.

Implicit defensive reactions to a learned threat-predictive cue and novel stimuli may be significantly downregulated through a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation procedure over the medial anterior prefrontal cortex in humans.

We are writing to comment on the article by Zhao et al., 2023 about limb movements in male little torrent frogs.