Codon optimization through biased synonymous substitutions is a characteristic feature of the genomes of generalist fungal parasites and is associated with the colonization of multiple hosts.

New methods reveal that complex local splicing variations are more prevalent in animals than previously appreciated, and demonstrate that local splicing variations are relevant for studies of development, gene regulation and neurodegenerative diseases.

Measuring HIV-1 DNA levels at the time of stopping antiretroviral therapy (when initiated during primary infection) predicts clinical progression and the time taken for plasma viraemia to become detectable.

The animal phylogeny of glutamate receptors indicates that vertebrate types do not account for all receptor classes originated during evolution, neither are they the pinnacle of a linear evolutive process.

An internet-based cohort study of paired associate learning shows that a first-degree family history of dementia is associated with lowered performance, an effect modified by apolipoprotein E genotype and diabetes.

Transcriptional regulation evolves at indistinguishable rates in mammals, birds and insect lineages despite large differences in underlying rates of sequence evolution.

eRNAs detected in patient-derived transcriptomic data can delineate potential active enhancer regions in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and uncover genes associated with the cancer phenotype.

Cell cycle phase-specifically induced long non-coding RNAs regulate cell proliferation by modulating crucial cell signaling pathways.

Single-cell RNA sequencing of biopsy samples from advanced-stage lung cancer reveals tumor and immune cell features associated with response to immune checkpoint therapy.

Opioids have distributed effects on the brainstem circuitry that controls breathing, including presynaptic and postsynaptic receptor-mediated inhibition of an excitatory circuit from the dorsolateral pons to the ventrolateral medulla.