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The breathing motor program is re-engaged to control the fluctuations in vocal pitch during a sound.

Mambalgin1 binds to the thumb domain of human ASIC1a channel and inhibits the channel through hindering the proton-induced transitions from the resting closed state to the active and/or desensitized state.

A guide summarizing the diversity of cell types in the parabrachial nucleus.

A new three-step monosynaptic premotor tracing strategy in adult mice, together with registration to the Allen mouse common coordinate framework, uncovered precise spatial relationships of distinct orofacial premotor circuits in the brainstem.

Dopamine neurons projecting to different targets receive a similar set of inputs, rather than forming reciprocal connections, whereas those projecting to the posterior striatum receive a distinct set of inputs.

Comprehensive genomic and population genetic analyses of a non-recombining chromosome in white-throated sparrows reveal the actions of purifying selection, positive selection, and balancing selection, expanding our understanding of supergene evolution.

Simultaneous 2-photon imaging of striosomes and matrix in mice shows that striosomes preferentially encode reward-predicting cues whereas both striatal compartments demonstrate reward-related activity.

Engagement of anterior insular cortex projections to the dorsolateral striatum underpins sex-differences in binge alcohol consumption behaviors.

In monkeys, the integrity of the magnocellular subdivision of mediodorsal thalamus is important when using recent rewarded choices to promote persistence with a recently sampled choice during changing or uncertain reward guided-learning and decision-making tasks.

The rhythmic patterns of activity that underlie breathing are generated and coordinated by distinct populations of neurons within the brainstem.