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A rigorous and transparent evaluation of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for sepsis suggests it may be efficacious, although the strength of these findings is tempered by threats to validity in the studies that were included.

Newly recovered lumbar vertebrae belonging to Malapa Hominin 2, an adult female of the fossil hominin species Australopithecus sediba, demonstrate that this individual was adapted to upright posture and bipedal locomotion but also had adaptations for climbing in trees.

Structures in the inner ear can help determine the evolutionary relationship between extinct and living primates.

In wild bonobos, sibling birth induced a sudden increase in urinary cortisol levels in the older offspring, a physiological response that occurred in all subjects and was independent of their age.

Incompatibilities between the viral replication machinery and orthologs of the essential host factor cyclophilin A (CypA) contribute to the narrow host range of hepatitis C virus.

Red algae have adapted to extreme environments by acquiring genes from bacteria and archaea.

Endogenous virus sequences in the genomes of modern mammals reveal the global spread of an ancient virus lineage, including frequent interspecies transmission, adaptation, and emergence spanning several million years of mammalian evolution

Evolutionarily conserved hypoxic stress response genes are depleted for association with expression quantitative trait loci.