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Astrocytes modulate neuronal networks during hypercapnia, introducing a novel gliotransmitter pathway where prostaglandin E2 regulates breathing.

Orthogonal to traditional paradigms that manipulate neuroligin expression level, optogenetic stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation highlights a role of the intracellular domain of endogenous neuroligin-1 in excitatory synaptic differentiation and potentiation.

Electrophysiological recordings reveal domains within the extracellular and intracellular region of neuroligin important for specifying and carrying out its function at inhibitory synapses respectively.

Non-invasive optogenetic induction of synaptic plasticity revealed that long-term potentiation and long-term depression alter the chances of a synapse to survive the next seven days.

A general cytoplasmic signaling mechanism for the novel functions of diverse alpha protocadherins in cortical neuron migration and actin cytoskeletal dynamics as well as dendrite morphogenesis in the brain.

Pembrolizumab activates innate immune metabolism and function in primary human non-small cell lung cancer, whereas Pembrolizumab and beta-glucan synergize in enhancing immune metabolism and tumoridical action in brain-metastasized lung cancer.

Unipolar brush cells subtypes, classified by their excitatory or inhibitory response to glutamate, form circuits with one another that may enhance the capacity of the cerebellum to transform input signals.

The p75 neurotrophin receptor prevents the migration of the granule cell precursors away from its mitogenic niche in the external granule layer of the cerebellum, by maintaining a pool of undifferentiated cells capable of responding to mitogenic signals.

Proteomic and genetic analysis discovers a new cytoskeletal mechanism of presynaptic short-term plasticity common across neuronal cell types.

mTOR signaling regulates the morphology of a human-enriched neural stem cell population and thus contributes to the radial architecture of the developing human cortex with implications for neurodevelopmental disease.