The earliest fossil evidence of a mimetic relationship between the Jurassic moth lacewing Lichenipolystoechotes and its co-occurring fossil lichen Daohugouthallus predates modern lichen-insect associations by 165 million years.

Subterranean fossil bone hosts a living microbiome different from the surrounding sediment without evidence of original protein preservation.

Virtual investigation of the 3.67-million-year-old skull of 'Little Foot' using synchrotron radiation reveals histological details of Australopithecus dental and bone tissues.

X-ray imaging reveals well-preserved internal characters in mineralized arthropods from the Paleogene, urging the reexamination of previously neglected fossil collections.

Well-preserved fossils reveal an extreme morphological specialization of fly larvae, and broaden our understanding of the diversity of ectoparasitism in Mesozoic insects.

The extinct stilt-legged equids of North America are not related to Asiatic asses or horses, but instead represent a distinct lineage outside of living equid diversity that became extinct in the terminal Pleistocene.

A new taxon from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany represents the second volant bird known from that time period and documents the improvement of flapping flight in bird evolution.

Flying squirrels may have originated earlier than previously thought and remained unchanged for almost 12 million years.

Fossilized feces (coprolites) of extinct bone-crushing dogs, Borophagus parvus, from late Miocene (6 million years ago) of California demonstrates consumption and preservation of bones in digestive tracts and potential social hunting behavior by these predators.

The discovery of the earliest direct evidence of brood care in insects demonstrates a remarkably conserved egg-brooding reproductive strategy within scale insects in stasis for nearly 100 million years.