New morphological information on the Cambrian artiopodan Acanthomeridion, including CT data, demonstrate that dorsal ecdysial sutures likely evolved multiple times within this group.

Porcelaneous foraminifera, marine calcifiers, reveal their biomineralization secrets.

Columnar architectures, developed in early Cambrian phosphatic-shelled brachiopods, are highly biologically controlled and organic-matrix mediated, which sheds new light on the evolution and adaptation of biomineralization during the Cambrian explosion.

Phylogenomics reveals the timeline over which marine bacteria and archaea colonized the oceans and shows the geological context of their diversification.

μCT-aided study illuminates the cranial endoskeleton and interrelationships of the Permian actinopterygian †Brachydegma, which is now excluded from crown neopterygians despite exhibiting a double jaw joint.

The primitive state of vertebrate lungs is unpaired, evolving to be truly paired in the lineage towards the tetrapods, increasing the pulmonary efficiency during the water-to-land transition.

Cranial endocasts of fossil and extant lungfish, analysed via tomography and novel principle component analyses designed for use with missing data, show that lungfish forebrain and inner ear regions show the most variation in brain shape evolution through time.

New morphological data of a primitive placoderm fish demonstrate both high regionalization of squamation and the bipartite histological structure of scale are plesiomorphic for jawed vertebrates.

Salamanders originate as metamorphosed with a biphasic lifestyle as shown by the palate shape and several non-shape features associated with the vomerine teeth, with diverse ecological types displayed in living species achieved in the Early Cretaceous.

Phylogenomics of sea urchins clarifies their origins and diversification history, reveals surprising discrepancies with their rich fossil record, and serves as basis to explore the sensitivity of time calibration analysis.