The structures of plant CIII2, CIV, and SC III2+IV challenge long-standing assumptions, generate new mechanistic hypotheses and allow for the generation of more selective agricultural inhibitors.

Cerebellar STAT3 is indispensable for proper expression of fear memory network processing.

Purified Pannexin 1 channels activated by caspase cleavage in proteoliposomes reconstitute a permeation pathway for intercellular signaling molecules important in inflammation and cell clearance.

An optogenetic dual-color Ca²⁺-imaging approach shows how submucosal pacemaker-cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, modulate smooth-muscle responses and drive colonic motility via complex Ca²⁺ signaling.

Optogenetic and electrical low-frequency stimulation in the sclerotic hippocampus prevents the emergence of spontaneous focal and evoked generalized seizures in a mouse epilepsy model.

Electrophysiology identifies a population of fan-shaped body neurons that encode airflow in two directions relative to the fly midline and whose silencing disrupts proper orientation to airflow.

Time-resolved and site-directed in vivo photo-crosslinking analysis of VemP allows identification of both cis- and trans-elements required for its regulated arrest-cancelation.

Inhibitory neurons in the hypothalamus and amygdala push and pull on the midbrain vocal gating circuit to trigger and suppress ultrasonic vocalization (USV) production in the mouse.

Zebrafish knockouts can be generated in a few hours directly from wild-type eggs and are suitable for studying continuous traits, including behaviour.

The coexistence of ancestral and innovative functions is possible and fosters evolutionary innovation in events involving the acquisition of whole protein domains.