Integrative analysis of a specialized metabolic pathway across multiple non-model species illustrates mechanisms of emergence of chemical novelty in plant metabolism.

Arc-shaped PFO oligomers consisting of at least four subunits can insert into the membrane in a kinetically controlled process opening a transmembrane pore, whereby post-insertion growth may ultimately lead to formation of a complete ring.

Unbiased transcriptomics reveals novel insights into the mechanisms that may contribute to regional neurodegeneration in SCA1, and other SCAs in general.

Genetic and biochemical analyses identify a pathway important for infection by many picornaviruses.

Curcumin regulates gene expression via PPARa activation and exhibits biological activities involved in amyloidosis, peroxisome proliferation, lipid metabolism, and hepatocyte hypertrophy.

The nutrient-sensing GCN2 signaling pathway is required for robust circadian rhythm by recruiting the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 to establish a proper chromatin state at the circadian clock gene promoter under amino acid starvation in Neurospora.

Animal survival in hypoxia requires the classical hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signalling pathway, but in the nematode worm C. elegans, a new signalling pathway involving the nuclear receptor NHR-49/PPARalpha is as important for hypoxia survival as the HIF pathway.

The subcortical amygdala pathway, which has been traditionally associated with learning threats, is also required for processing an innate threat.

The nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) branch-specific factor UPF3B influences olfactory sensory neuron cell populations, the olfactory receptor repertoire, and antimicrobial gene expression.

Circuit tracing and in vivo calcium imaging reveals neurons conveying polarized light information from photoreceptors to the central brain, transforming patterns in the sky into a directional cue for navigation.