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Natural substrates of the central endoplasmic reticulum quality control glycoprotein sensors UDP-glucose:glycoproteinglucosyltransferase (UGGT)1 and UGGT2 were identified using a glycoproteomics approach and the role for their modification was explored.

The dual function of an ancient prokaryotic enzyme, which is linked to specific metabolite signals, may have been the evolutionary driving force behind its dual localization in eukaryotes.

HemK NTD cotranslational folding starts within the ribosome exit tunnel upon N-terminal helix synthesis and proceeds sequentially through a series of intermediates becoming less dynamic as the nascent chain grows.

Structural analysis of translating human mitoribosome illustrates elemental steps of translation in mitochondria.

METTL18 methylates histidine 245 of ribosomal protein RPL3, retards ribosome traversal at tyrosine codons, and thus ensures nascent protein folding for proteostasis maintenance.

Cryo-electron microscopy has been used to provide a structural interpretation of the complete action cycle of release factor 3 during translation termination, which includes a coordinated sequence of interactions with a class-I release factor and the ribosome.

Noncanonical usage of stop codons in ciliates expands structurally flexible Q-rich domains and coevolves with codon usage biases to avoid triplet repeat disorders mediated by CAG/GTC replication slippage.

Near atomic resolution of late 40S ribosomal subunit assembly by cryo-EM reveals immature rRNA active sites stabilized by biogenesis factors.

By sterically hindering tRNA binding and inhibiting translation elongation, mRNA stem-loops can modulate gene expression.

In nematode worms, NSUN-1 methylates ribosomal RNA and influences phenotypes related to aging, stress resistance, germ line development, and cuticle integrity by regulating translation of specific mRNAs.