Slug chloroplasts avoid damage to photosynthesis by maintaining an oxidized electron transfer chain with the help of oxygen-sensitive electron acceptors.
The newly opened genome of a kleptoplastic mollusk, Plakobranchus ocellatus, indicated that sequestered plastids retain their activity within the animal cell without horizontal algal gene transfer to the animal nucleus.
Standing genetic variation for disease resistance may be continuously lost during recurring warm water episodes because of widespread susceptibility of disease-resistant genotypes to bleaching and the independence between these two traits.
