Two protein kinases are required to activate auxin efflux transporters from plants.

I am writing to respond to the comment by Gagliano et al. on my article about associative learning in plants (Markel, 2020).

A fully blinded replication of the most convincing report of associative learning in plants failed to reproduce the phenomenon.

We are writing to comment on the article by Markel, 2020, which reports an unsuccessful attempt to replicate our finding of associative learning in plants.

In the plant circadian clock photoreceptor ZEITLUPE, evolutionarily selected residues distinguish photocycle kinetics and allosteric signal transduction pathways to permit proper circadian timing.

The cells of a cyanobacterium act as spherical micro-lenses, allowing the cell to see a light source and move towards it.

Light absorption by the algal transcription factor Aureochrome 1a causes dimerization at the light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) sensing domain, which has implications for the design of synthetic photoreceptors for optogenetics.

Cyanobacteria with chlorophyll f show substantial near-infrared radiation-driven photosynthesis and can play an important role for primary production in endolithic, intertidal habitats.

The LOVdeg tag is a versatile tool for bacterial optogenetics, offering modular, blue light-inducible protein degradation for a range of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering applications.

The overall energy conversion efficiency is calculated for a bacterial vesicle that harvests solar energy for ATP production on the basis of an atomic-detail structural model.