Experimental Piper gardens across five neotropical sites reveal complex contingencies in the influence of species and population-level biodiversity on the flow of resources to insect herbivores and ecosystem resilience to changes in water availability.

Increasing the intra-species phenotypic diversity of a plant-beneficial bacterium effectively improves probiotic consortium functioning and plant growth promotion in agricultural systems.

Carbon dynamics and the relative availability of key nutrients during litter decomposition are modified by changing biodiversity in the Earth’s forests.

Offspring of plants selected at low and high plant diversity differently respond to global change drivers (nitrogen enrichment, drought), as reflected by their biomass production and trait expression, whereby plant-soil interactions play a significant role in these processes.

Empirical evidence shows that conserving local plant diversity is a robust strategy to maintain multiple valuable ecosystem services provided by soils in both present and future environmental conditions.

Neotropical outstanding biodiversity emerged from sustained rates of species accumulation over time, although, for some periods, tetrapods were less successful than plants in keeping pace with a changing environment.

Habitat loss rather than fragmentation per se can weaken the positive BEF relationship by reducing the percentage of grassland specialists in the community.

Resident members of natural bacterial communities limit the growth of non-resident bacteria primarily by increasing overall community growth.

Analysis of naturally infected mosquitoes shows that ecosystem disturbance can lead to a turnover in host community composition and that more individuals of a single species are a key driver of virus emergence.

Environmental DNA from highly standardized leaf sample time series suggests no localized species losses, but biotic turnover and homogenization, as main drivers of forest insect decline.