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Environmental DNA from highly standardized leaf sample time series suggests no localized species losses, but biotic turnover and homogenization, as main drivers of forest insect decline.

Drug-resistance declines in the laboratory in an antibiotic stress-free environment, indicating that restricting antimicrobial usage in the clinics could be a useful policy.

Hamilton's rule can be violated when costs and benefits of cooperation are defined using the counterfactual method, and when they depend on the cooperation of others.

A novel pair-of-pairs matching approach finds that community-level reductions in malaria burden can potentially substantially reduce the low birth weight rate in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among firstborns.

Naive CD4 and CD8 T cells in mice increase their survival capacity with age, but their numbers are not homeostatically regulated.

Analysis of epidemiological data reveals that viral loads in newly HIV-1 infected individuals in Uganda have declined for two decades, and evolutionary modelling shows that attenuation of the virus explains this decline.

Phylogenetic evidence suggests that the majority of HIV infections occurring in the UNAIDS Fast-track city Amsterdam continue to have an Amsterdam resident as source, indicating that the majority of HIV infections in Amsterdam could be prevented through city-level interventions.

Experimental evolution shows that when selection acts on two traits constrained by a trade-off, the direction of phenotypic evolution depends on the environment.

Seasonal variation in resources causes opposing episodes of selection on body size, which interact with density dependence to influence population dynamics.

Short-term interventions, including intermittent fasting, boosting cellular energy, and promoting beneficial gut bacteria, rejuvenate osteoprogenitors in aged animals and, when combined with localized Wnt, restore youthful bone healing.