Memory over 24 hours was impaired in Parkinson's patients off, rather than on, dopaminergic medication during reinforcement learning, whereas dopamine did not affect positive and negative reinforcement, in contrast to previous studies.

Computational modelling together with experimental manipulation indicate that the stability and turnover of activated Notch is inextricably linked to the regulation of the pace of segmentation clock gene expression in the presomitic mesoderm.

Although questionable research practices inflate false positive rates, they have little effect on replicability because they also increase power.

The convergent evolution of unusually strict substrate specificity in apicomplexan LDHs arose by classic neofunctionalization of a duplicated MDH gene via few mutations of large effect.

Deep sequencing analysis quantifies the hydrophobicity of the plasma membrane and provides restraints for structure modeling of receptor homodimers to atomic precision.

High-frequency stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which enhances memory and hippocampal neurogenesis, is a novel target for treatment of dementia-related diseases.

Identification of novel components and regulators of heterochromatin reveals a spatially complex and dynamic organization.

A novel synthetic DNA cassette of CTCF-binding sites combined with the drug-controllable induction system of heterochromatin enabled switchable blocking of chromatin conformation and gene-enhancer interaction.

Random fluctuations in neuronal firing may enable a single brain region, the medial entorhinal cortex, to perform distinct roles in cognition (by generating gamma waves) and spatial navigation (by producing a grid cell map).

Allosteric modulation in the M2 muscarinic receptor derives from a mix of interactions within and between the protomers of an oligomer.