Reward and information are independently optimized in the human prefrontal cortex, while their signals combine in subcortical regions.

Natural variation for an adaptively important life history trait is largely due to variation at a single, major-effect locus with multiple alleles, demonstrating that not all complex traits are massively polygenic.

Highly conserved C-terminal domains of the tumor suppressor BRCA2 are not essential for accumulation at damaged DNA but affect conformation and cell survival, implying roles beyond delivering strand-exchange protein RAD51.

VGF was identified as a factor secreted from thalamocortical axons essential for the cytoarchitectonic features of neocortical layer 4 in the sensory areas in mice.

Defective mitochondrial protein import results in protein aggregation and a specific chaperone response in the cytosol, causatively linking mitochondrial function and cellular protein homeostasis disturbances observed in neurodegeneration.

The evolution of a butterfly mimetic phenotype is driven by modular cis-regulstory switches controlling a ‘hotspot’ gene.

Differential binding kinetics of a master regulator to its target promoters can prevent spontaneous cell fate loss in a Caenorhabditis elegans neuron whose fate is controlled by a reversible switch.

A combination of functional, biochemical and imaging studies show that LINE-1/L1 proteins and mRNA enter the nucleus through mitotic nuclear membrane breakdown, interact with components of the DNA replication fork and mediate retrotransposition during S phase.

Analysis of embryonic mouse diaphragm reveals muscle and nerve left–right asymmetries set by a Nodal-dependent genetic cascade, which imprints different molecular signatures to left and right motoneurons that shape their innervation pattern.

Social isolation increases anti-social behaviour by altering activity in brain areas related to anxiety, stress, and reward.