A computational method identifies the functions of orphan enzymes by organizing them into metabolic pathways; the prediction of a new l-gulonate catabolic pathway is experimentally tested and confirmed.

A new type of implicit effects on one's actions induced by prediction errors during action observation is discovered.

Midbrain dopamine neurons in rats signal discrepancies between predicted and actual rewards, regardless of whether the rewards are predicted on the basis of experience or inference.

The anticipation of rewards turns out to have its own hedonic value, on top of that of the reward itself; a wide range of behavioral and neurophysiological data suggest that this anticipation is boosted by prediction errors.

Prediction of future input explains diverse neural tuning properties in sensory cortex.

Large-scale replication study with brain potentials challenges the view that people routinely predict the phonological form of a predictable word during language comprehension.

Activity in the midbrain responds to unexpected changes in outcome identity (i.e. sensory prediction error) but does not scale with perceptual distance between expected and receipt reward.

Site-specific DNA methylation analysis at three CG dinucleotides by pyrosequencing provides a reliable measure for epigenetic aging of mice.

Human neuroimaging and machine learning reveals a generalizable relationship between brain connectivity and working memory ability across healthy populations and distinct psychiatric diagnoses.

Despite the fundamental relationship between movement and value, they are represented in a separable manner in dopamine neurons.