Memory guides attention by enabling preparation for upcoming states in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex.

Learned expectations allow for a distinct anticipatory distractor representation at the feature but not at the spatial level.

A direct relationship between pupil diameter and electrophysiological correlates of attention, sensory stimulus processing and target detection was observed demonstrating that arousal has a substantial influence on perceptual decision-making.

Sensory activity within the superior colliculus is read out by downstream motor structures and contributes to individual saccade kinematics with single spike precision.

The readiness potential—a long-established neural precursor of voluntary action claimed to precede the onset of the conscious decision to move—is absent, or at least significantly reduced, for deliberate decisions.

The auditory cortex temporarily stores task-relevant information by persistently changed neuronal activity of single neurons and of neuronal populations.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex integrates concurrent externally and internally generated predictions of task demand to guide information processing, while the medial prefrontal cortex corrects its prediction error based on actual task demand.

The speed-accuracy tradeoff could be a consequence of motor planning variability and not exclusively signal-dependent noise, as is currently held.

Flexibility is a defining feature of AKAP kinase-phosphatase assemblies and points toward a mechanism whereby combinatorial recruitment of binding partners tailors the overall conformation of the macromolecular assembly, allowing customized physiological roles.

The evidence of subspace computation in the lateral prefrontal cortex provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility and interference between different cognitive processes.