A genetically encoded sensor and a photocaged peptide together enable precise investigation of human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation with high spatiotemporal resolution.

This atlas and analysis of conserved ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) neuron populations provides an unbiased starting point for the analysis of VMH circuitry and function.

Leptin acts cell autonomously on brainstem neurons that express GLP-1 to suppress development of excitatory viscerosensory inputs to the hypothalamus.

The GDF15 receptor, GFRAL,is expressed on a unique population of brainstem CCK neurons and mediates pathophysiological anorexia.

The gut-released peptide oxyntomodulin mediates the alignment of liver clock gene and metabolic transcript rhythms with the timing of food intake by postprandial induction of hepatic Per gene expression.