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    1. Neuroscience

    Glutamate is required for depression but not potentiation of long-term presynaptic function

    Zahid Padamsey, Rudi Tong, Nigel Emptage
    Electrophysiological and optical analysis of neurotransmitter release at central synapses reveals that glutamate signalling is not required for the long-term potentiation (LTP) of presynaptic function, and instead only promotes presynaptic long-term depression (LTD).
    1. Neuroscience

    Kainate receptors regulate development of glutamatergic synaptic circuitry in the rodent amygdala

    Maria Ryazantseva, Jonas Englund ... Sari E Lauri
    Glutamatergic projections from basolateral to central amygdala, implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, develop rapidly during early postnatal period and their development is modulated via endogenously active kainate receptors.
    1. Neuroscience

    GABAA presynaptic inhibition regulates the gain and kinetics of retinal output neurons

    Jenna Nagy, Briana Ebbinghaus ... Raunak Sinha
    Elimination of GABAA receptors from the axon terminals of specific retinal bipolar cell types alters the sensitivity and kinetics of retinal output.
    1. Neuroscience

    Silent synapses generate sparse and orthogonal action potential firing in adult-born hippocampal granule cells

    Liyi Li, Sébastien Sultan ... Josef Bischofberger
    Young neurons of the adult hippocampus are synaptically activated by a small group of non-overlapping afferent excitatory fibers, due to high synaptic gain and sparse connectivity, important for sparse and orthogonal coding during hippocampal information processing.
    1. Neuroscience

    Single synapse evaluation of the postsynaptic NMDA receptors targeted by evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission

    Austin L Reese, Ege T Kavalali
    In a population of mammalian central synapses, spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release processes are independently distributed; yet, postsynaptic receptors within a single synapse preferentially receive neurotransmitter from only one mode of release.
    1. Neuroscience

    Associative plasticity of granule cell inputs to cerebellar Purkinje cells

    Rossella Conti, Céline Auger
    Associative plasticity of proximal and distal granule cell inputs to Purkinje cells enables time dependent association of information from local and distant receptive fields.
    1. Neuroscience

    Netrin-1 regulates the balance of synaptic glutamate signaling in the adult ventral tegmental area

    Marcella M Cline, Barbara Juarez ... Larry S Zweifel
    Genetic analysis of Ntn1 in adult mouse midbrain neurons reveals its function in maintaining excitatory synapses, loss of Ntn1 function in inhibitory neurons is significantly detrimental to mesolimbic system function.
    1. Neuroscience

    Cerebral chemoarchitecture shares organizational traits with brain structure and function

    Benjamin Hänisch, Justine Y Hansen ... Sofie Louise Valk
    Dimensionality reduction techniques reveal how the organization of neurotransmitter receptor and transporter co-expression in the human brain may bridge the gap between brain structure and function.
    1. Neuroscience

    A family of photoswitchable NMDA receptors

    Shai Berlin, Stephanie Szobota ... Ehud Y Isacoff
    Molecular engineering can generate light-sensitive NMDA receptors with specific subunit combinations.
    1. Neuroscience

    Morphine disinhibits glutamatergic input to VTA dopamine neurons and promotes dopamine neuron excitation

    Ming Chen, Yanfang Zhao ... Ping Zheng
    Experiments examining the actions of morphine on single neurons from one of the brain's reward centers, the VTA, reveal the mechanism by which the drug exerts its hedonic effects.