Among the factors that predict fitness in wild baboons, dominance rank in males, but not in females, is the best predictor of epigenetic aging.

Sarcoidosis, a granulomatous disease characterized by macrophage and T-cell activation, is found to be associated with increased HIF-1α transcriptional activity, and modulation of HIF-1α regulates inflammatory immune responses.

Primate hand preference strength but not direction (left vs. right) generally reflects phylogeny and ecology at species level, but human handedness deviates markedly from all other species.

Seasonal selection is a general feature of Drosophila melanogaster genetic variation, occurring in North American and European populations and affecting large proportions of the genome.

Wild male orangutans produce long calls composed of two hierarchical layers, wherein isochronous sub-pulses occur within isochronous pulses, indicating that recursive vocal combinatorics are not exclusive to language among hominids.

Similarities in climatic niches of terrestrial vertebrates indicate the Earth's climate regions, which differ among groups and from previous plant-based climate classifications.