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    1. Neuroscience

    Retroactive modulation of spike timing-dependent plasticity by dopamine

    Zuzanna Brzosko, Wolfram Schultz, Ole Paulsen
    Dopamine, a reward signal in the brain, can retroactively convert hippocampal synaptic depression into potentiation, suggesting an elegant biological solution to the distal reward problem.
    1. Neuroscience

    A spike sorting toolbox for up to thousands of electrodes validated with ground truth recordings in vitro and in vivo

    Pierre Yger, Giulia LB Spampinato ... Olivier Marre
    A spike sorting toolbox to quickly and reliably access the activity of thousands of neurons recorded with dense extracellular probes.
    1. Neuroscience

    anTraX, a software package for high-throughput video tracking of color-tagged insects

    Asaf Gal, Jonathan Saragosti, Daniel JC Kronauer
    anTraX is an algorithm and software package that facilitates automated analyses of insect social behavior in species and experimental settings that are not accessible with currently existing technology.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Allosteric activation of SENP1 by SUMO1 β-grasp domain involves a dock-and-coalesce mechanism

    Jingjing Guo, Huan-Xiang Zhou
    Simulations of molecular dynamics suggest how the binding of the β-grasp domain of SUMO1 induces conformational and dynamic effects to activate SENP1.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Single-cell analysis of transcription kinetics across the cell cycle

    Samuel O Skinner, Heng Xu ... Ido Golding
    By properly accounting for gene copy number and cell-cycle effects, single cell snapshots of nascent and mature mRNA can be used to unveil the stochastic kinetics of gene activity.
    1. Neuroscience

    Cerebellar learning using perturbations

    Guy Bouvier, Johnatan Aljadeff ... Boris Barbour
    A proposal for a complete cellular/network implementation of trial-and-error motor learning in the olivo-cerebellar system.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Rate-limiting transport of positively charged arginine residues through the Sec-machinery is integral to the mechanism of protein secretion

    William J Allen, Robin A Corey ... Ian Collinson
    The time it takes to secrete a protein is dominated by diffusion of positively charged arginines through the channel across the membrane, but lysines avoid this problem as they are neutralised before transport.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Interrogating theoretical models of neural computation with emergent property inference

    Sean R Bittner, Agostina Palmigiano ... John Cunningham
    Emergent property inference, a novel machine learning methodology, learns distributions of neural circuit model parameters that produce computational properties and provides novel scientific insight through the quantification of the rich parametric structure it captures.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Point of View: Biological causal links on physiological and evolutionary time scales

    Amit Karmon, Yitzhak Pilpel
    Increasing awareness that many causal links in biology might be bi-directional could overcome biases and improve scientific reasoning.
    1. Neuroscience
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Unsupervised Bayesian Ising Approximation for decoding neural activity and other biological dictionaries

    Damián G Hernández, Samuel J Sober, Ilya Nemenman
    The proposed method deciphers which low-level patterns (such as spikes) control high-level features (behavior) in relative small biological datasets, taking into account the statistical dependencies between such patterns.