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2-Oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases from clade C23 are the major source of guanidine in plants and release guanidine from arginine or homoarginine by C5 or C6 hydroxylation, respectively.

The nerve growth-repellent activity that generates spinal nerve repeat-patterning in birds and mammals is identified at the molecular level, and a similar system is revealed in adult brain grey matter.

Hypoxia does not increase glycolysis in proliferating primary cells and antagonizes the increase in glycolysis caused by activation of hypoxia-inducible factor in normoxia, in part, through activation of MYC signaling pathways.

The role of placental aging and metabolic stress in driving labor onset is demonstrated, with a novel mouse model of preterm labor in which injection of a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor stabilizes placental hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and significantly shortens gestational length.

Drosophila ZIP13 (Slc39a13), a presumed zinc importer, is responsible for iron delivery to the secretory pathway.

The biology of sponges provides clues about how early animals may have dealt with low levels of oxygen.

Neural progenitors reside in relative low oxygen in the subgranular zone (SGZ), and the higher tissue oxygen levels that these cells must face as they migrate away from the hypoxic areas and differentiate appear to cause oxidative damage and an early phase of cell death.

ZHX2 controls HIF1α oncogenic signaling and tumorigenesis in triple-negative breast cancer.

Oxygen-independent (pseudohypoxic) HIF pathway activation is a core determinant of dysregulated collagen-structure function in human fibrosis.

Impaired lysosomal acidification results in retention of iron inside lysosomes, triggering functional iron deficiency, dysfunctional mitochondria (especially mtDNA loss), and inflammation in vivo in a mouse model of lysosomal disease.