The elongation rate of RNA Polymerase II varies greatly between and along genes, as this enzyme accelerates from stable pausing to rapid elongation within genes, and is influenced by CG-content, exons and chromatin.

The structural architecture of the 4-subunit, RNA-binding human negative elongation factor NELF is derived by a combination of X-ray crystallography and protein crosslinking.

TRIM28 was found to be a versatile dual-function latency contributor by bridging both suppressive epigenetic modifications and RNAP II transcriptional-pausing, and can be a novel target to develop latency-reversing agents.

We discuss the methods available to understand lncRNA function in vivo, and highlight important considerations that should be taken into account when designing such experiments.

Acute intermittent hypoxia is a noninvasive approach that enhances corticospinal function in humans, likely through alterations in corticospinal-motoneuronal synaptic transmission.

Biochemical and genetic experiments show that Ebf and Lhx2 cooperate to specify olfactory receptor enhancers, which cooperate to drive olfactory receptor expression.

A physical niche for neural stem cells is generated by the induction of the immediate skin epithelium, a process triggered by the arrival of neural precursors during sensory organ formation in medaka.

NFATc2 maintains the drug-induced TIC phenotypes through trans-activating SOX2/ALDH1A1 expression and scavenging stress from ROS.

The activation of beige adipocyte thermogenesis by cold temperatures and β3-adrenergic receptor agonists induce beige adipocyte formation, function and perdurance.

Structure, dynamics, and mutation of a gamete fusion protein and comparisons to viral homologues suggest that after trimerization the domain bearing the membrane-inserting fusion loops can pivot with respect to the trimer 3-fold axis.