Codon optimization through biased synonymous substitutions is a characteristic feature of the genomes of generalist fungal parasites and is associated with the colonization of multiple hosts.

Overgrowth of the yeast Pichia kudriavzevii within the neonatal gut microbiota increases allergic airway disease severity later in life and may be inhibited by short-chain fatty acids.

Opportunistic bacteria modulate their lifestyle from coexistence to pathogenicity by perceiving the physiological state of their algal host through sensing of algal secreted metabolites.

Of the 50 primary olfactory channels in vinegar flies, only 10 drive avoidance or approach behavior when activated by themselves, indicating that most olfactory responses are multi-channel responses that follow complex combination rules.

Shortened hepatitis C therapy, with retreatment if needed, can reduce antiviral drug use in patients with mild liver disease, but day 2 viral load is not an adequate predictor of outcome.

Experience strengthens hunting in larval zebrafish by recruiting the forebrain to increase the prey-evoked activity in visual areas and trigger motor activity and prey capture.

Sleep and wake states are not sufficient to drive changes in neocortical synaptic strengths.

Extrinsic signals establish an invariant and stereotyped pattern of neuronal differentiation and programmed cell death in the Drosophila visual system.

Antigenic drift in influenza’s major surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, contributes to variability in epidemic magnitude across seasons but is less influential than subtype interference in shaping annual outbreaks.

Modulation of division plane rotation in proliferating chondrocytes determines the ratio of clusters and columns, which may support the multifunctional design of the growth plate.